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Using cURL for response timing

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cURL is a command-line tool that connects to a uniform resource locator (URL) for data transfer. Although this tool is commonly used to quickly check if websites are up and running, it can also be used to time the response of services. This may help administrators gather data for analysis to match against baseline response times for performance tuning. cURL has many options or flags available to adjust its behavior. For the purpose of timing, the following flags shall be utilized. [ -k ] tells cURL to disable peer verification of the SSL/TLS certificate. This is useful for connecting to URLs that have  self-signed certificates . [ -s ] tells cURL to operate in silent mode. This suppresses standard error messages and the progress meter. [ -o /dev/null ] tells cURL to dump its standard output to the null device. All messages are effectively discarded and no output file is produced. [ -w '%{time_total}\n' ] tells cURL to write the declared variables to standard output after all tr...

Enabling .htaccess in Apache for Drupal

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Content management systems like Drupal require specific web server directives in order to work properly. The following steps enable Apache to recognize .htaccess files containing those specific web server directives. The steps outlined here require the use HTTPS for better security on both Debian-based Linux distributions and the FreeBSD operating system . ========== 1. DEBIAN-BASED LINUX DISTRIBUTIONS 1.1. Go to the directory containing the Apache site configuration files. user@host: $ cd /etc/apache2/sites-available 1.2.  BACK UP the default HTTPS configuration file for the secure site. user@host: $ sudo cp 000-default-ssl.conf 000-default-ssl-conf.back 1.3. Open the default HTTPS configuration file. user@host: $ sudo nano 000-default-ssl.conf 1.4. Find the "DocumentRoot" section and add the "Directory" block marked "For Drupal" as follows. # BEGIN CODE <IfModule mod_ssl.c>         <VirtualHost _default_:443> # .....